Isiphumo seMicimbi yeMicimbi kwiiPropati zePleyiti yeNsimbi
I-iron-carbon alloy enomxholo wekhabhoni ngaphantsi kwe-2.11% ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi. Ngaphandle kwamacandelo ekhemikhali afana nentsimbi (Fe) kunye nekhabhoni (C), intsimbi nayo iqulethe isixa esincinci sesilicon (Si), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), isulfure (S), ioksijini (O), initrogen ( N), i-niobium (Nb) kunye ne-titanium (Ti) Impembelelo yeekhemikhali eziqhelekileyo kwiipropati zentsimbi zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1. I-Carbon (C): Ngokunyuka komxholo wekhabhoni kwintsimbi, amandla okuvelisa kunye nokuqina kwamandla anyuka, kodwa iplastiki kunye namandla empembelelo ayancipha; Nangona kunjalo, xa umxholo wekhabhoni udlula i-0.23%, i-weld-ability yensimbi iyancipha. Ngoko ke, umxholo wekhabhoni wensimbi ephantsi ye-alloy structural esetyenziselwa i-welding ngokubanzi ayidluli i-0.20%. Ukunyuka komxholo wekhabhoni kuya kunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-corrosion ye-atmospheric yensimbi, kunye ne-carbon steel high kulula ukubola emoyeni ovulekileyo. Ukongeza, ikhabhoni inokonyusa i-brittleness ebandayo kunye nokuguga kwentsimbi.
2. I-Silicon (Si): I-Silicon yi-deoxidizer enamandla kwinkqubo yokwenza insimbi, kunye nomxholo we-silicon kwintsimbi ebuleweyo ngokubanzi ngu-0.12% -0.37%. Ukuba umxholo we-silicon kwintsimbi udlula i-0.50%, i-silicon ibizwa ngokuba yi-alloying element. I-silicon inokuphucula kakhulu umda we-elastic, amandla okuvelisa kunye namandla okuqina kwentsimbi, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengentsimbi yasentwasahlobo. Ukongeza i-silicon ye-1.0-1.2% kwintsimbi yesakhiwo esicinyiweyo kunye nobushushu inokunyusa amandla nge-15-20%. Idityaniswe nesilicon, i-molybdenum, i-tungsten kunye ne-chromium, inokuphucula ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza intsimbi ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu. Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephantsi ene-1.0-4.0% ye-silicon, ene-magnetic permeability ephezulu kakhulu, isetyenziswa njengentsimbi yombane kwishishini lombane. Ukonyuka komxholo we-silicon kuya kunciphisa amandla e-weld yentsimbi.
3. I-Manganese (Mn): I-Manganese yi-deoxidizer efanelekileyo kunye ne-desulfurizer. Ngokuqhelekileyo, insimbi iqulethe i-0.30-0.50% ye-manganese. Xa ngaphezu kwe-0.70% i-manganese yongezwa kwi-carbon steel, ibizwa ngokuba yi "manganese steel". Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi eqhelekileyo, ayinayo kuphela ukuqina okwaneleyo, kodwa inamandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina, okuphucula ukuqina kobunzima kunye nokusebenza okushushu kwentsimbi. Intsimbi equlathe i-11-14% ye-manganese inokumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu kakhulu, kwaye isoloko isetyenziswa kwibhakethi ye-excavator, i-ball mill liner, njl njl. Ngokunyuka komxholo we-manganese, ukuxhathisa kwentsimbi kuyancipha kwaye ukusebenza kwe-welding kuyancipha.
4. Phosphorus (P): Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-phosphorus yinto eyingozi kwintsimbi, ephucula ukomelela kwentsimbi, kodwa inciphisa iplastiki kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi, inyusa i-brittleness ebandayo yentsimbi, kwaye iphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-welding kunye nokusebenza okubandayo okugoba. . Ngoko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka ukuba umxholo we-phosphorus kwintsimbi ungaphantsi kwe-0.045%, kwaye imfuno yensimbi ephezulu iphantsi.
5. Isulfure (S): Isulfure ikwayinto eyingozi phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Yenza intsimbi eshushu ibe yi-brittle, ukunciphisa i-ductility kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi, kwaye ibangele ukuqhekeka ngexesha lokuqulunqa kunye nokuqengqeleka. Isulfure nayo iyingozi ekusebenzeni kwe-welding kwaye inciphisa ukuxhathisa ukubola. Ngoko ke, umxholo wesulfure udla ngokuba ngaphantsi kwe-0.055%, kwaye intsimbi ephezulu ingaphantsi kwe-0.040%. Ukongeza i-0.08-0.20% sulfure kwintsimbi inokuphucula ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwe-mach, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yintsimbi yokusika yamahhala.
6. I-Aluminiyam (Al): I-Aluminiyam i-deoxidizer esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwintsimbi. Ukongeza inani elincinci le-aluminium kwintsimbi kunokuphucula ubungakanani bengqolowa kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kwempembelelo; I-aluminiyam nayo inokumelana ne-oxidation kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola. Ukudityaniswa kwe-aluminium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-silicon kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-high-temperature peeling kunye ne-high-temperature ye-corrosion resistance resistance yentsimbi. Ukungalungi kwe-aluminium kukuba kuchaphazela ukusebenza okutshisayo, ukusebenza kwe-welding kunye nokusika ukusebenza kwentsimbi.
7. I-Oxygen (O) kunye ne-nitrogen (N): I-oksijeni kunye ne-nitrogen zizinto ezinobungozi ezinokungena kwigesi yomlilo xa isinyithi sinyibilika. Ioksijini inokwenza intsimbi ibe shushu ibe brittle, kwaye umphumo wayo unzima ngakumbi kuneso sulfur. I-nitrogen inokwenza ukugqabhuka okubandayo kwentsimbi kufane nokwe phosphorus. Impembelelo yokuguga yenitrogen inokunyusa ukuqina kunye namandla entsimbi, kodwa iyancipha i-ductility kunye nokuqina, ngakumbi kwimeko yokuguga kwe-deformation.
8. I-Niobium (Nb), i-vanadium (V) kunye ne-titanium (i-Ti): I-Niobium, i-vanadium kunye ne-titanium zizo zonke izinto zokucoca iinkozo. Ukongeza ezi zinto ngokufanelekileyo kunokuphucula isakhiwo sensimbi, ukucoca ingqolowa kunye nokuphucula kakhulu amandla kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi.
