Impembelelo yezinto zekhemikhali kwiipropati zepleyiti yentsimbi
I-iron-carbon alloy enomxholo wekhabhoni ongaphantsi kwe-2.11% ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi. Ngaphandle kwezinto zeekhemikhali ezifana nentsimbi (Fe) kunye nekhabhoni (C), intsimbi ikwanayo ne-silicon encinci (Si), i-manganese (Mn), i-phosphorus (P), i-sulfur (S), i-oxygen (O), i-nitrogen (N), i-niobium (Nb) kunye ne-titanium (Ti). Impembelelo yezinto eziqhelekileyo zeekhemikhali kwiimpawu zentsimbi yile ilandelayo:
1. Ikhabhoni (C): Njengoko umxholo wekhabhoni unyuka kwintsimbi, amandla okuvelisa kunye namandla okutsalwa ayanda, kodwa amandla okuqina kunye nempembelelo ayancipha; Nangona kunjalo, xa umxholo wekhabhoni udlula i-0.23%, amandla okuwelda entsimbi ayawohloka. Ke ngoko, umxholo wekhabhoni wentsimbi yesakhiwo esine-alloy ephantsi esetyenziselwa ukuwelda ngokubanzi awudluli kwi-0.20%. Ukwanda komxholo wekhabhoni kuya kunciphisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwentsimbi emoyeni, kwaye intsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu kulula ukuyigqwala emoyeni ovulekileyo. Ukongeza, ikhabhoni inokunyusa ukubuthathaka kokubanda kunye nobuthathaka bokwaluphala kwentsimbi.
2. I-Silicon (Si): I-Silicon yi-deoxidizer enamandla kwinkqubo yokwenza intsimbi, kwaye umxholo we-silicon kwintsimbi ebuleweyo ngokubanzi yi-0.12%-0.37%. Ukuba umxholo we-silicon kwintsimbi udlula i-0.50%, i-silicon ibizwa ngokuba yi-alloying element. I-Silicon inokuphucula kakhulu umda we-elastic, amandla okuvelisa kunye namandla okutsalwa kwentsimbi, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu njengentsimbi yentwasahlobo. Ukongeza i-silicon eyi-1.0-1.2% kwintsimbi yesakhiwo ecinyiweyo neqinisiweyo kunokunyusa amandla nge-15-20%. Xa idibene ne-silicon, i-molybdenum, i-tungsten kunye ne-chromium, inokuphucula ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza intsimbi engatshisi ubushushu. Intsimbi ye-carbon ephantsi equlethe i-silicon eyi-1.0-4.0%, ene-magnetic permeability ephezulu kakhulu, isetyenziswa njengentsimbi yombane kushishino lombane. Ukwanda komxholo we-silicon kuya kunciphisa amandla okuwelda kwentsimbi.
3. IManganese (Mn): IManganese yi-deoxidizer elungileyo kunye ne-desulfurizer. Ngokubanzi, intsimbi ine-manganese engama-0.30-0.50%. Xa ingaphezulu kwe-0.70% ye-manganese yongezwa kwi-carbon steel, ibizwa ngokuba yi-"manganese steel". Xa ithelekiswa nentsimbi eqhelekileyo, ayinayo nje kuphela ukuqina okwaneleyo, kodwa ikwanamandla aphezulu kunye nobunzima, nto leyo ephucula ukuqina kunye nokusebenza okushushu kwentsimbi. Intsimbi equlethe i-11-14% ye-manganese inokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu nokuguguleka, kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa kwibhakethi ye-excavator, i-ball mill liner, njl. Njengoko umxholo we-manganese wonyuka, ukumelana nokugqwala kwentsimbi kuyabuthathaka kwaye ukusebenza kwe-welding kuyancitshiswa.
4. I-Phosphorus (P): Ngokubanzi, i-phosphorus yinto enobungozi kwintsimbi, ephucula amandla entsimbi, kodwa inciphisa ubulukhuni kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi, yonyusa ubulukhuni bentsimbi, kwaye yonakalise ukusebenza kwe-welding kunye nokusebenza kwe-cold going. Ke ngoko, kudla ngokufuneka ukuba umxholo we-phosphorus kwintsimbi ube ngaphantsi kwe-0.045%, kwaye imfuneko yentsimbi esemgangathweni ophezulu iphantsi.
5. I-Sulfur (S): I-Sulfur ikwayinto enobungozi phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Yenza intsimbi itshise ibe buthathaka, inciphise ukuguguleka kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi, kwaye ibangele imingxunya ngexesha lokubumba nokuqengqeleka. I-Sulfur ikwayingozi ekusebenzeni kwe-welding kwaye inciphisa ukumelana nokugqwala. Ke ngoko, umxholo we-sulfur uhlala ungaphantsi kwe-0.055%, kwaye owentsimbi ekumgangatho ophezulu ungaphantsi kwe-0.040%. Ukongeza i-sulfur eyi-0.08-0.20% kwintsimbi kunokuphucula ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-mach, okuhlala kubizwa ngokuba yintsimbi eqhekezayo.
6. I-Aluminiyam (Al): I-Aluminiyam yi-deoxidizer esetyenziswa kakhulu kwintsimbi. Ukongeza inani elincinci le-aluminiyam kwintsimbi kunokuphucula ubungakanani bengqolowa kwaye kuphucule ukuqina kwempembelelo; I-Aluminiyam ikwanayo nokumelana ne-oxidation kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Ukudibanisa i-aluminiyam kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-silicon kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-peeling kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kwentsimbi. Ingxaki ye-aluminiyam kukuba ichaphazela ukusebenza okushushu, ukusebenza kwe-welding kunye nokusebenza kokusika kwentsimbi.
7. Ioksijini (O) kunye nenitrogen (N): Ioksijini kunye nenitrogen zizinto ezinobungozi ezinokungena kwigesi yesithando xa isinyithi sinyibilikisiwe. Ioksijini ingenza intsimbi ibe buthathaka kakhulu, kwaye isiphumo sayo sinzima kakhulu kunesesulfure. I-nitrogen ingenza ukuba intsimbi ibe buthathaka kakhulu kufane nephosphorus. Isiphumo sokwaluphala kwe-nitrogen sinokunyusa ubulukhuni kunye namandla entsimbi, kodwa sinciphise ukuguguleka kunye nokuqina, ngakumbi kwimeko yokwaluphala.
8. I-Niobium (Nb), i-vanadium (V) kunye ne-titanium (Ti): I-Niobium, i-vanadium kunye ne-titanium zonke zizinto zokucokisa iinkozo. Ukongeza ezi zinto ngokufanelekileyo kunokuphucula isakhiwo sentsimbi, kuphucule iinkozo kwaye kuphucule kakhulu amandla kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi.
