Imeko ye-COVID-19 ye-COVID-19 iphindaphinda “iziseko ezingundoqo ezitsha” inkuthazo yotyalo-mali

Isizathu sokuba kutheni “iziseko ezingundoqo ezitsha” kuthiwe “zintsha” sinxulumene neziseko zophuhliso zemveli ezifana “nenqwelomoya kawonke-wonke yentsimbi”, enceda ikakhulu iziseko zophuhliso kwicala lezenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe.Iprojekthi yembali ethelekisayo "yeziseko ezingundoqo ezitsha" "yesizwe" ecetywayo nguMongameli waseMelika uClinton ngo-1993. "Information Superhighway", ulwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo kwinkalo yolwazi, isicwangciso sibe nefuthe elibanzi kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye udale uzuko lwexesha elizayo loqoqosho lolwazi lwase-US.Ngexesha loqoqosho lwemizi-mveliso, ulwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo lubonakaliswa ekukhuthazeni ubutyebi obuphathekayo Ukuhamba nokudityaniswa kwekhonkco lokubonelela;ngexesha loqoqosho lwedijithali, unxibelelwano lweselula, idatha enkulu, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nezinye izixhobo zenethiwekhi kunye nezibonelelo zeziko ledatha ziye zaba yimfuneko kunye neziseko zophuhliso jikelele.

"Iziseko zophuhliso ezitsha" ezicetywayo ngeli xesha zinentsingiselo ebanzi kunye neethagethi zeenkonzo ezibanzi.Ngokomzekelo, i-5G yeyonxibelelwano oluphathwayo, i-UHV yeyombane, i-intercity high-speed rail kunye ne-intercity train transit zezothutho, amaziko amakhulu edatha ye-intanethi kunye neenkonzo zedijithali, kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye ne-intanethi yezoshishino yintsimi ecebileyo neyohlukeneyo.Oku kunokubangela ingxaki ukuba yonke into ilayishwe kuyo, kodwa oku kuhambelana negama elithi "entsha" kuba izinto ezintsha zihlala zikhula.

Ngo-2019, ii-arhente ezifanelekileyo zilungelelanise i-database yeprojekthi ye-PPP yasekhaya, kunye notyalo-mali lulonke lwe-17.6 yetriliyoni ye-yuan, kunye nokwakhiwa kweziseko ezingundoqo kuseyintloko enkulu, i-7.1 yetriliyoni ye-yuan, i-41%;izindlu nomhlaba zikwindawo yesibini, 3.4 yetriliyoni yeyuan, ithatha i-20%;"Iziseko ezitsha" zimalunga ne-100 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, zibalelwa malunga ne-0.5%, kwaye isixa esipheleleyo asisikhulu.Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ze-21st Century Business Herald, ukususela nge-5 kaMatshi, uluhlu lwezicwangciso zotyalo-mali lwexesha elizayo olukhutshwe ngamaphondo angama-24 noomasipala lwashwankathelwa, lubandakanya iiprojekthi ezingama-22,000, kunye nesikali se-47.6 yetriliyoni ye-yuan, kunye nokutya okucetywayo kwe-8 yetriliyoni yuan ngo-2020. Umlinganiselo "weziseko zophuhliso ezitsha" sele ujikeleze i-10%.

Ngeli xesha lo bhubhani, uqoqosho lwedijithali lubonakalise amandla omelele, kwaye iifomathi ezininzi zedijithali ezinjengobomi bamafu, iofisi yelifu, kunye noqoqosho lwamafu ziye zagqabhuka ngamandla, zongeza impembelelo entsha kulwakhiwo "lweziseko ezingundoqo".Emva kobhubhane, ukuqwalaselwa kovuselelo loqoqosho, "iziseko ezitsha" ziya kufumana ingqwalasela ethe kratya kunye notyalo-mali olukhulu, kwaye zibethelele ulindelo olungakumbi lokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho.

Ubungakanani bokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi kwiindawo ezisixhenxe

Ukumiselwa kweendawo ezisixhenxe eziphambili ze "infrastructure entsha" zisekelwe kuqoqosho lwedijithali kunye noqoqosho oluhlakaniphile.Ushishino lwensimbi luya kuzuza kumandla amatsha e-kinetic kunye namandla amatsha abonelelwa yi "infrastructure entsha" ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu, kwaye iya kuba "i-Infrastructure" ibonelela ngezinto eziyimfuneko ezisisiseko.

Ihlelwe ngamasimi asixhenxe kunye namandla ensimbi kwizinto zetsimbi, ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, ziyi-intercity high-speed train and intercity train transit, i-UHV, imfumba entsha yokutshaja imoto yamandla, isikhululo sesiseko se-5G, isikhungo esikhulu sedatha, i-intanethi ye-industrial, i-intelligence yokufakelwa.

Ngokutsho kweNational Railway's "Isicwangciso Seminyaka Emihlanu", isicwangciso soshishino lukaloliwe oluhamba ngesantya esiphezulu ngo-2020 luya kuba ziikhilomitha ezingama-30,000.Ngo-2019, umgama okhoyo wokusebenza kaloliwe ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu ufikelele kwiikhilomitha ezingama-35,000, kwaye injongo igqithiwe phambi kwexesha elicwangcisiweyo.” Ngo-2020, uloliwe welizwe uza kutyala imali eyi-800 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan kwaye aqalise imigca emitsha yeekhilomitha ezingama-4,000. apho uloliwe ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu uya kuba ziikhilomitha ezingama-2 000. Ugxininiso luya kuba kwiintsilelo, uthungelwano olufihliweyo, kwaye Ukuqina kotyalo-mali kuya kuba yinto efanayo ngo-2019. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokusekwa kwesiseko senethiwekhi ye-backbone yesizwe, kwi-2019, iyonke. I-mileage yemizila yasezidolophini kweli lizwe iya kufikelela kwiikhilomitha ze-6,730, ukwanda kweekhilomitha ze-969, kunye nokuqina kotyalo-mali kuya kuba malunga ne-700 yezigidigidi. , ezizezi, umzila kaloliwe ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nohambo lukaloliwe phakathi kwesixeko, ziya kuba yingqwalasela kulwakhiwo lwexesha elizayo.Ingqwalasela yengingqi esezantsi yiYangtze River Delta, Zhuhai Ngokutsho kwe "Shanghai 2035" isicwangciso, iChangjiang, iBeijing, iTianjin, iHebei kunye neChangjiang ziya kwenza "iikhilomitha ezintathu ezili-1000" uthungelwano lothutho lukaloliwe lwemizila yasezidolophini, imizila yedolophu, kunye neendawo zokuhlala. imigca.Utyalo-mali lwe-100 yezigidi zeedola zase-US kwiindlela zomzila zifuna ubuncinane i-0.333 yokusetyenziswa kwensimbi Kukho utyalo-mali lwe-1 yezigidigidi zeedola zase-US ukuqhuba imfuno yeetoni ze-3333 zetsimbi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide zizinto zokwakha kunye nezixhobo zomzila.

UHV.Lo mmandla uqhutywa ikakhulu yi-State Grid.Ngoku kucacile ukuba ngo-2020, ii-UHV ezisi-7 ziya kuvunywa.Oku kutsalwa kwentsimbi kubonakala ikakhulu kwintsimbi yombane.Ngo-2019, ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi yombane ngama-979 toni, okuye kwanda nge-6.6% ngamaxesha amaninzi.Emva kokunyuka kotyalo-mali lwegridi eziziswa yi-UHV, imfuno yentsimbi yombane kulindeleke ukuba inyuke.

Ukuhlawulisa imfumba yeenqwelo zamandla amatsha.Ngokutsho kwe "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan", i-degradation ratio yi-1: 1, kwaye kuya kuba malunga ne-7 yezigidi zokutshaja iimfumba e-China ngo-2025. Imfumba yokutshaja ibandakanya i-host host, iintambo, iikholamu kunye nezinye izinto ezincedisayo. .I-7KW yokutshaja imfumba ixabisa malunga nama-20,000, kwaye i-120KW ifuna malunga ne-150,000.Ubungakanani bentsimbi yeemfumba ezincinci zokutshaja ziyancipha.Ezinkulu ziya kubandakanya intsimbi ethile kwizibiyeli.Kubalwa umyinge we-0.5 yeetoni nganye, i-7 yezigidi zokutshaja iimfumba zifuna malunga neetoni ezingama-350 zentsimbi.

Isikhululo sesiseko se-5G.Ngokutsho kwesibikezelo seZiko lezoNxibelelwano loLwazi lwaseChina, utyalo-mali lwelizwe lam kulwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi ye-5G kulindeleke ukuba lufike kwi-1.2 yezigidigidi ze-yuan ngo-2025;utyalo-mali kwizixhobo ze-5G kwi-2020 iya kuba yi-90.2 yeebhiliyoni, apho i-45.1 yeebhiliyoni iya kutyalwa kwizixhobo eziphambili, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezincedisayo ezifana neemasti zonxibelelwano ziya kufakwa.Iziseko ze-5G zihlulwe zibe zimbini iintlobo zezikhululo ze-macro kunye nezikhululo ezincinci.Inqaba enkulu yangaphandle sisikhululo esisisiseko esikhulu kwaye kugxilwe kulwakhiwo olukhulu lwangoku.Ukwakhiwa kwesikhululo sesiseko esikhulu senziwe ngezixhobo eziphambili, izixhobo zokuxhasa amandla, ukwakhiwa koluntu, njl njl. Intsimbi echaphazelekayo yigumbi lomatshini, iikhabhinethi, iikhabhinethi, iimasti zeenqaba zonxibelelwano, njl. njl. ngenxa yobuninzi, kunye nobunzima bombhobho oqhelekileyo we-3.5 malunga neetoni ze-8.5, kodwa izikhululo ezininzi ze-macro kunye nezikhululo ezincinci ziya kuxhomekeka kwi-2 / 3 / 4G ekhoyo kunye nezinye izibonelelo zonxibelelwano.Izikhululo zesiseko ezincinci zisasazwe kwiindawo ezixineneyo, ezinosetyenziso oluncinci lwentsimbi.Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwentsimbi eqhutywa zizikhululo zesiseko ze-5G akuyi kuba nkulu kakhulu.Ngokumalunga nesiseko sotyalo-mali lwesikhululo se-5%, insimbi iyafuneka, kwaye utyalo-mali lwe-triliyoni-dollar kwi-5G iqhuba ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ukunyuka malunga ne-50 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan.

Iziko ledatha enkulu, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, i-Intanethi yeshishini.Utyalo-mali lwe-hardware ikakhulu kumagumbi ekhompyuter, iiseva, njl., xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindawo ezine, ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ngokuthe ngqo kuncinci.

Ukubona "iSiseko esiNtsha" sokuSetyenziswa kweNtsimbi kwiiSampuli zaseGuangdong

Nangona isixa sentsimbi esetyenziswa kwiindawo ezisixhenxe eziphambili zihluka, kuba umzila wesitimela uthatha umlinganiselo omkhulu wotyalo-mali olutsha lweziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokwakhiwa, kuya kubonakala kakhulu ukunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi.Ngokoluhlu lweeprojekthi zotyalo-mali ezipapashwe liPhondo laseGuangdong, kukho iiprojekthi zokwakha eziphambili eziyi-1,230 ngo-2020, notyalo-mali lulonke lwe-5.9 yetriliyoni yeyuan, kunye neeprojekthi zokuqala ezingama-868, notyalo-mali lulonke oluqikelelwayo lwe-3.4 yetriliyoni yeyuan.Isiseko esitsha yi-1 yetriliyoni ye-yuan, ebalwa kwi-10% yesicwangciso sotyalo-mali sisonke se-9.3 yetriliyoni ye-yuan.

Lilonke, utyalo-mali lulonke lothutho lukaloliwe phakathi kwezixeko kunye nohambo lukaloliwe lwasezidolophini luyi-906.9 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, lubalelwa kuma-90%.Umlinganiselo wotyalo-mali we-90% ngokuchanekileyo ummandla kunye nokuxinana kwensimbi ephezulu, kwaye inani leeprojekthi ze-39 lingaphezulu kakhulu kunezinye iindawo.isishwankathelo.Ngokolwazi oluphuma kwiKomishoni yoPhuhliso noHlengahlengiso lweSizwe, ukuvunywa kweeprojekthi zothutho lukaloliwe ezidolophini ezidibanayo kunye needolophu sele kufikelele kwiitriliyoni.Kulindeleke ukuba lo mmandla ube yingqwalasela yotyalo-mali kwiziseko zophuhliso ezitsha ngokomlinganiselo kunye nobungakanani.

Ngoko ke, "iziseko ezitsha" yithuba loshishino lwensimbi ukukhuthaza umgangatho walo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, kwaye kuya kwenza indawo entsha yokukhula kwemfuno yensimbi.